| Sound | Tongue | Lips | Jaw | Teeth | Air | Vocal Chords |
|---|
| /ˈ/ | | | | | | |
| /p/ | Place the tip of your tongue behind your upper front teeth, or slightly below them, so that the air is completely blocked in the oral cavity. | Round your lips tightly, creating a seal to prevent any air from escaping through your mouth. | Keep your jaw relatively tense and stable, without any movement. | The teeth should not be involved in the production of this sound. | Build up air pressure behind the blockage created by your tongue and lips, and then release the air suddenly by popping open the lips, causing a burst of air to be expelled. | Do not use your vocal cords to produce this sound, as it is an unvoiced sound. |
| /r/ | The tongue forms an arch near the roof of the mouth. It does not touch any part of the mouth. | | | | The air flows through a narrow space in your mouth. | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /a/ | The tip of the tongue moves at the bottom of the mouth near the center. | | The jaw drops opening the mouth. | | | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /ɪ/ | The tongue raises high in the mouth. It moves to the front of the mouth. Then the tip of the tongue moves behind the bottom front teeth. The tongue remains relaxed in the front of the mouth. | The lips separated and relaxed. | The jaw drops and the mouth opens a little bit. | | | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /z/ | The tongue is behind the teeth. | | | The teeth remain clenched. | The air flows through the tip of the tongue. | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /d/ | The tongue comes up. The front part touches the roof of the mouth behind the top teeth. Then it pulls down to release the air. | | | The teeth are together. Then they separate. | First, the air stops. Then it flows. | The vocal cords vibrate. |
