| Sound | Tongue | Lips | Jaw | Teeth | Air | Vocal Chords |
|---|
| /ˈ/ | | | | | | |
| /p/ | Place the tip of your tongue behind your upper front teeth, or slightly below them, so that the air is completely blocked in the oral cavity. | Round your lips tightly, creating a seal to prevent any air from escaping through your mouth. | Keep your jaw relatively tense and stable, without any movement. | The teeth should not be involved in the production of this sound. | Build up air pressure behind the blockage created by your tongue and lips, and then release the air suddenly by popping open the lips, causing a burst of air to be expelled. | Do not use your vocal cords to produce this sound, as it is an unvoiced sound. |
| /r/ | The tongue forms an arch near the roof of the mouth. It does not touch any part of the mouth. | | | | The air flows through a narrow space in your mouth. | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /u/ | The back part of the tongue stretches up towards the soft palate. The front part of the tongue remains down, touching, or behind, the bottom front teeth. | The lips relax while forming a rounded shape. | | | | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /v/ | | The bottom lips are in contact with the teeth. | | The top teeth press the bottom lips. | | The vocal cords vibrate. |
| /d/ | The tongue comes up. The front part touches the roof of the mouth behind the top teeth. Then it pulls down to release the air. | | | The teeth are together. Then they separate. | First, the air stops. Then it flows. | The vocal cords vibrate. |
