| Sound | Tongue | Lips | Jaw | Teeth | Air | Vocal Chords |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈ/ | ||||||
| /d/ | The tongue comes up. The front part touches the roof of the mouth behind the top teeth. Then it pulls down to release the air. | The teeth are together. Then they separate. | First, the air stops. Then it flows. | The vocal cords vibrate. | ||
| /ʌ/ | The tongue relaxes. The back of the tongue presses down a little bit. The tip of the tongue is forward. | The lips relax. | The jaw drops. | The vocal cords vibrate. | ||
| /m/ | The lips are together. | The air comes out of the nose. There is no flow of air through the mouth. | The vocal cords vibrate. | |||
| /p/ | Place the tip of your tongue behind your upper front teeth, or slightly below them, so that the air is completely blocked in the oral cavity. | Round your lips tightly, creating a seal to prevent any air from escaping through your mouth. | Keep your jaw relatively tense and stable, without any movement. | The teeth should not be involved in the production of this sound. | Build up air pressure behind the blockage created by your tongue and lips, and then release the air suddenly by popping open the lips, causing a burst of air to be expelled. | Do not use your vocal cords to produce this sound, as it is an unvoiced sound. |
| /s/ | The tongue is behind the teeth. | The teeth remain clenched. | The air flows through the tip of the tongue towards the edge of the teeth. | The vocal cords do not vibrate. |