| Sound | Tongue | Lips | Jaw | Teeth | Air | Vocal Chords |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈ/ | ||||||
| /f/ | The bottom lips are in contact with the teeth. | The top teeth press the bottom lips. | The air flows through the teeth. | The vocal cords do not vibrate. | ||
| /r/ | The tongue forms an arch near the roof of the mouth. It does not touch any part of the mouth. | The air flows through a narrow space in your mouth. | The vocal cords vibrate. | |||
| /ʌ/ | The tongue relaxes. The back of the tongue presses down a little bit. The tip of the tongue is forward. | The lips relax. | The jaw drops. | The vocal cords vibrate. | ||
| /m/ | The lips are together. | The air comes out of the nose. There is no flow of air through the mouth. | The vocal cords vibrate. | |||
| /p/ | Place the tip of your tongue behind your upper front teeth, or slightly below them, so that the air is completely blocked in the oral cavity. | Round your lips tightly, creating a seal to prevent any air from escaping through your mouth. | Keep your jaw relatively tense and stable, without any movement. | The teeth should not be involved in the production of this sound. | Build up air pressure behind the blockage created by your tongue and lips, and then release the air suddenly by popping open the lips, causing a burst of air to be expelled. | Do not use your vocal cords to produce this sound, as it is an unvoiced sound. |